Dental Implants with Surface Modification Techniques: An Updated Review Article.

Abstract

Background: Dental implants serve as prosthetic devices interfacing with the jawbone to replace missing teeth and restore oral functionality and aesthetics. Surface modification plays a pivotal role in enhancing osseointegration, thus improving implant stability and success rates.

Aim: This review examines surface modification techniques for dental implants, emphasizing their impact on osseointegration and implant success.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in physical, chemical, and biological surface treatments was conducted. Techniques such as machining, sandblasting, laser etching, plasma coating, and chemical alterations like acid etching, anodization, and biomimetic coatings were reviewed. Key outcomes related to improved implant biocompatibility and osseointegration were discussed.

Results: Subtractive methods like sandblasting and laser etching create rougher surfaces that enhance bone adhesion. Chemical treatments such as acid etching improve surface topography for better osseointegration. Biomimetic approaches, including peptide and antibiotic coatings, promote tissue integration and reduce infection risks. Innovations like tantalum trabecular porous metal and plasma-sprayed coatings further enhance implant stability and bioactivity.

Conclusion: Surface modification is critical to dental implant success, directly influencing osseointegration and overall functionality. While traditional techniques remain effective, newer methods like biological coatings offer promising advancements in clinical outcomes. Optimizing surface treatments can lead to improved long-term results and patient satisfaction.