Gastrointestinal Disorders: Nursing Perspectives on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care- An Updated Review of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Its prevalence is rising among individuals under 50 years of age, despite declines in older populations. Nurses play a critical role in recognizing early symptoms and promoting screening for early diagnosis and intervention.

Aim: This review aims to explore the nursing perspectives on diagnosing, treating, and caring for patients with colorectal cancer, with a particular focus on the updated screening guidelines, risk factors, and diagnostic methods.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on CRC etiology, patient presentation, risk factors, and the impact of early detection and screening. Sources were drawn from recent studies, screening guidelines, diagnostic tests, and pharmacological treatments relevant to CRC.

Results: CRC is largely preventable through early detection, with screening starting at age 45. Key risk factors include family history, diet, obesity, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Diagnosis is confirmed through colonoscopy, biopsy, and imaging techniques. Treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical interventions, with the survival rate varying by stage at diagnosis.

Conclusion: The rise in early-onset CRC necessitates improved awareness and earlier screening, particularly among individuals with a family history or lifestyle-related risk factors. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients and facilitating early interventions, which can lead to better outcomes. The implementation of updated screening guidelines and personalized treatment plans will be crucial in addressing this growing health issue.