Nursing Interventions for Managing Rare Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Psychosis

Abstract

Background: Psychosis is a condition characterized by a detachment from reality, manifesting through symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts. It is a common feature in various neurological, psychiatric, and medical conditions, including schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disorders. Psychosis significantly impacts patients and their families, requiring effective intervention from healthcare professionals.

Aim: The aim of this review is to evaluate nursing interventions for managing psychosis in patients with rare neurological disorders, exploring both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and assessing their effectiveness in improving patient outcomes.

Methods: This comprehensive review analyzed existing literature on psychosis management in neurological disorders, focusing on nursing interventions. The review incorporated studies from diverse healthcare settings and assessed interventions related to medication management, family involvement, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and environmental modifications for patients with psychotic symptoms.

Results: The review highlights the crucial role of nurses in monitoring vital signs, administering prescribed antipsychotic medications, and ensuring patient safety through a calm, non-stimulating environment. It also underscores the importance of family education and involvement in treatment plans. Antipsychotic medications, particularly second-generation antipsychotics, are effective in addressing positive symptoms, while cognitive behavioral therapy has shown promise in managing psychotic symptoms alongside medication.

Conclusion: Nursing interventions for psychosis management are essential for ensuring patient safety, emotional support, and medication adherence. Early intervention, combined with a multi-disciplinary approach including medication, therapy, and family involvement, significantly improves patient outcomes. The prognosis for patients with psychosis can be favorable when treated promptly and comprehensively, with promising results from newer pharmacological treatments and long-acting injectable antipsychotics.