Nursing Challenges in Managing Rare Hematological Conditions: An Evidence Review of Acute Myeloid Condition

Abstract

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common form of leukemia in adults, comprising 80% of leukemia cases. Characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature "blast cells," AML leads to bone marrow failure, anemia, and frequent infections. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis for elderly patients remains poor, with cure rates of about 15% in those over 60 years. Key nursing challenges involve managing symptoms like fatigue, infections, bleeding, and bone pain, while providing comprehensive care during complex treatments.

Aim: This review aims to evaluate the nursing challenges in managing AML, highlighting the clinical manifestations, risk factors, treatment regimens, and the role of nursing in improving patient outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of literature, clinical guidelines, and evidence-based practices regarding the nursing care of AML patients was conducted. Sources included peer-reviewed journals, case studies, and treatment protocols focused on symptom management, treatment toxicities, and patient education.

Results: Nursing challenges in managing AML include addressing complications from chemotherapy, managing side effects like fatigue and bleeding, and ensuring timely supportive care for infections. The "7+3" induction therapy remains the standard but is highly toxic, requiring intensive monitoring. AML's classification, based on genetic abnormalities, significantly impacts prognosis and treatment. Nursing interventions focus on symptom control, preventing infections, managing nutritional needs, and providing emotional support.

Conclusion: Effective nursing management of AML requires a thorough understanding of the disease's pathophysiology, treatment side effects, and the complex needs of patients. Nurses must address both the physical and emotional challenges faced by AML patients, promoting quality of life and survival. There is a critical need for continued education and support to manage the evolving treatment landscape and enhance patient outcomes.