Leveraging Behavioural Theories to Enhance Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions

Abstract

Background:

Hypertension remains a significant public health concern, affecting over a billion people globally and contributing to a high burden of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and mortality. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive therapies, non-adherence to prescribed medication regimens continues to be a critical barrier to achieving optimal blood pressure control. Behavioural theories, including the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and Trans-theoretical Model (TTM), have shown promise in addressing complex behavioural issues such as medication adherence.

Aim:

This paper aims to explore the application of behavioral theories to improve medication adherence in hypertensive patients, evaluating their effectiveness and offering insights into integrating theory-based interventions into clinical practice.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Studies that implemented behavioral theories in medication adherence interventions for hypertensive patients were included. The analysis focused on intervention designs, theoretical frameworks employed, and their measurable impact on adherence and health outcomes.

Results:

Evidence suggests that interventions based on behavioral theories significantly improve medication adherence. HBM-based approaches effectively addressed patients’ perceptions of risk and benefits, while TPB-oriented interventions leveraged social influences and self-efficacy. TTM-based strategies showed success in tailoring interventions to individual readiness for change. Improved adherence rates translated into better blood pressure control and reduced hypertension-related complications.

Conclusion:

Behavioural theories provide robust frameworks for designing effective medication adherence interventions. Their integration into hypertension management can enhance adherence and improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on culturally tailored, technology-enhanced, and nurse-led approaches to expand the reach and impact of these interventions.