Atrial Fibrillation in Nursing Practice: Assessment, Monitoring, and Patient Education: An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by abnormal atrial electrical activity leading to rapid and disorganized heartbeats. It significantly increases the risk of stroke, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular conditions. Understanding the pathophysiology, risk factors, and complications associated with AF is crucial for effective nursing management, including assessment, monitoring, and patient education.

Aim: This review aims to provide an updated understanding of atrial fibrillation in nursing practice, focusing on assessment, monitoring, management strategies, and the critical role of patient education in preventing complications such as stroke.

Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature on atrial fibrillation management, including diagnostic techniques, therapeutic options, nursing interventions, and patient education strategies, was conducted. Information was gathered from medical databases, clinical guidelines, and research studies.

Results: AF is increasingly prevalent, particularly among older adults, and presents with varying symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe complications like stroke. Risk factors include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and obesity. Nursing management involves regular assessment using tools like ECG, monitoring vital signs, and providing patient education on medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of follow-up care. Pharmacological treatments, including anticoagulants, rate control agents, and rhythm control medications, are essential. Non-pharmacological interventions such as ablation therapy may be considered in refractory cases.

Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation remains a significant health concern due to its high prevalence and the potential for severe complications like stroke. Nurses play an integral role in assessing, monitoring, and educating patients with AF to prevent adverse outcomes. Early diagnosis, appropriate management, and ongoing patient education can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risks associated with AF.