The Role of Molecular Imaging in the Assessment of Inflammation in Metabolic Disorders: Review

Abstract

Background: Inflammation plays a crucial role in various metabolic disorders, highlighting the need for innovative diagnostic techniques. Molecular imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for visualizing inflammation and assessing disease progression through targeted imaging of immune cells.

Methods: This review synthesizes current literature on molecular imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). Specific emphasis is placed on the use of radiolabeled tracers and nanoparticles to enhance specificity in detecting inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and gastrointestinal disorders.

Results: The analysis reveals that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET is commonly employed to visualize macrophage activity in atherosclerosis, indicating heightened inflammation and plaque instability. Alternatives such as 11C-PK11195 and 68Ga-DOTATATE target specific receptors overexpressed in activated macrophages, offering improved specificity. Advances in MRI techniques, including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), provide insights into metabolic alterations at inflammatory sites.

Conclusion: Molecular imaging techniques significantly enhance the ability to visualize and understand inflammatory processes at the cellular level. This has implications for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies in metabolic disorders. The ongoing development of novel imaging agents and methodologies promises to further refine our understanding of disease mechanisms and improve patient outcomes.