Best Practices in Health Administration for Managing Public Health Emergencies Including Pandemics and Natural Disasters: Review

Abstract

Background: Integrating Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM) into healthcare systems, particularly nursing, is essential for enhancing resilience against public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical role of nurses and community health workers in managing health crises.

Methods: This study employed a comprehensive literature review, case studies, and expert consultations to identify best practices and competencies necessary for effective Health EDRM workforce development. Key areas of focus included training programs, stakeholder engagement, and community involvement.

Results: Findings revealed significant gaps in workforce competencies and training, particularly regarding the roles of community health workers (CHWs) and nurses during disasters. Successful programs emphasized a people-centered approach, fostering collaboration among various stakeholders to enhance disaster preparedness and response. The research also identified essential competencies that should be integrated into training frameworks to empower the nursing workforce and improve disaster management outcomes.

Conclusion: Strengthening the Health EDRM workforce requires a strategic commitment to developing core competencies, enhancing training programs, and fostering collaboration between health professionals and communities. By prioritizing the involvement of nurses and CHWs, healthcare systems can improve their capacity to respond effectively to emergencies, ultimately safeguarding public health and resilience.