The Contribution of One Health Approaches to The Mitigation of Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks: Review

Abstract

Background: The emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases represent a significant global health challenge, responsible for millions of infections and deaths annually. Zoonoses, primarily transmitted from animals to humans, account for approximately 60% of recognized infectious diseases and a substantial portion of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). This review highlights the multifactorial nature of zoonotic disease emergence, including environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic factors.

Methods: A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted to evaluate existing monitoring systems and the effectiveness of One Health approaches that integrate human, animal, and environmental health sectors.

Results: The findings indicate that current surveillance frameworks are often fragmented, leading to delayed responses and inadequate management of outbreaks. Effective monitoring requires robust intersectoral collaboration and the establishment of real-time data-sharing mechanisms. The study underscores the importance of proactive risk assessment and community engagement in enhancing surveillance systems. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for evidence-based prevention strategies that address the root causes of zoonotic spillover events.

Conclusions: In conclusion, a cohesive One Health framework is essential for improving preparedness and response to zoonotic disease outbreaks. By fostering collaboration among public health, veterinary, and environmental professionals, this integrated approach can significantly mitigate the risks posed by zoonotic diseases and enhance global health security. Future research should focus on developing standardized protocols for monitoring and rapid response, alongside investment in technology-driven solutions such as artificial intelligence.