Travelers Diarrhea: Pharmacological Treatment and Nursing Intervention Protocols-An Updated Review

Abstract

Background:Traveler's diarrhea is a prevalent health concern for individuals visiting regions with inadequate healthcare and sanitation facilities. Its occurrence affects 30%-60% of travelers to high-risk destinations, posing significant risks to public health. The condition, often caused by bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter, may also result from viral and parasitic infections. While most cases are self-limiting, severe complications such as dehydration and systemic infection can occur, requiring prompt intervention.

Aim:This review aims to update the pharmacological treatment strategies and nursing intervention protocols for managing travelers’ diarrhea, highlighting effective prevention and care measures.

Methods:A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, encompassing studies on the etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of travelers’ diarrhea. The review also focused on evidence-based nursing protocols for symptom management, rehydration, and patient education.

Results:The review finds that appropriate hydration, with oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids for severe cases, remains the cornerstone of treatment. Antibiotics, including azithromycin and rifaximin, are effective for managing moderate to severe infections, especially when used at the onset of symptoms. Nursing interventions emphasize patient education on safe food and water practices, the importance of hand hygiene, and the timely administration of prescribed treatments.

Conclusion:While most travelers’ diarrhea cases are self-limited, appropriate management and nursing interventions are essential to prevent complications. Travelers should be educated on preventive measures, and healthcare providers must offer timely diagnosis and treatment to reduce the global burden of the condition.