The Psychological Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Literature and Implications for Future Research

Abstract

Background: The rise of social media has transformed communication among adolescents, presenting both opportunities for connection and challenges for mental health. While social media platforms can facilitate self-expression and social interaction, excessive use has been linked to adverse psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and body image issues. Understanding the psychological impact of social media on adolescent mental health is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Methods: This review synthesizes existing literature from scientific databases such as PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus, focusing on studies examining the correlation between social media usage and mental health outcomes among adolescents. A biopsychosocial framework was employed to analyze the multifaceted effects of social media engagement, considering biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

Results: The findings reveal a bidirectional relationship between social media use and mental health issues. Passive engagement with social media, such as browsing and commenting, is associated with increased depressive symptoms and reduced offline social support. Additionally, social comparison and the pursuit of online validation can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. Notably, the influence of social media varies across platforms, with distinct characteristics impacting user experiences and mental health outcomes.

Conclusion: The evidence underscores the necessity of recognizing problematic social media use as a distinct phenomenon affecting adolescent mental health. Interventions should focus on promoting healthy online behaviors and fostering resilience among adolescents. Future research should explore the long-term effects of social media engagement and develop targeted strategies for mitigating its negative impact on mental health.