Mental Health and Epidemiological Trends in Post-Pandemic Populations: Review

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened public awareness of mental health issues, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous pandemics have demonstrated significant psychological impacts on populations, leading to increased PTSD prevalence. This study systematically reviews the incidence of PTSD following infectious disease pandemics and identifies associated risk factors.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including MedLine, Embase, and PsycINFO, to identify studies reporting PTSD prevalence after pandemics such as SARS, H1N1, Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. Inclusion criteria focused on studies that assessed PTSD and its risk factors among affected populations. Meta-analysis techniques were employed to aggregate data and evaluate prevalence rates.

Results: The meta-analysis revealed a pooled PTSD prevalence of 23% among individuals exposed to infectious disease pandemics, surpassing rates observed after other traumatic events. Notably, frontline healthcare workers exhibited a higher prevalence (31%) compared to the general population (19%). Factors such as confirmed infection, quarantine experience, and demographic characteristics significantly influenced PTSD rates. The study found no substantial differences in PTSD prevalence between genders, indicating equal vulnerability across populations.

Conclusion: This research highlights the substantial public health issue posed by post-pandemic PTSD, particularly among vulnerable groups such as healthcare workers and those under quarantine. Effective mental health interventions and early screening are essential for mitigating the psychological impact of pandemics. Policymakers should prioritize mental health responses as part of public health strategies in future pandemics to ensure comprehensive recovery and support for affected populations.