Advances in Physical Therapy Techniques for the Management of Scoliosis: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Scoliosis, characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine exceeding 10 degrees, is the most common spinal deformity, affecting adolescents predominantly. It can be classified into congenital, syndromic, and idiopathic forms. Early detection and intervention are crucial to manage this condition effectively and prevent progression.

Methods: This systematic review analyzed literature from January 2010 to 2023, focusing on the impact of physical therapy and exercise regimens on the Cobb angle in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Searches were conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect, filtering for controlled and randomized trials published in English.

Results: A total of nine high-quality studies involving 411 participants were included. The findings indicated that physiotherapy interventions, particularly scoliosis-specific exercises and bracing, significantly reduced the Cobb angle. Notably, task-oriented ergonomic exercises demonstrated greater efficacy compared to traditional rehabilitation methods. Bracing, when combined with physical therapy, yielded superior outcomes in curve stabilization and reducing the need for surgical intervention.

Conclusion: The review underscores the effectiveness of tailored physical therapy approaches in managing AIS. Methods such as the Scientific Exercise Approach to Scoliosis (SEAS) and Schroth exercises not only improve the Cobb angle but also enhance patients' quality of life. The results advocate for a more integrated approach in the treatment of scoliosis, emphasizing the need for personalized therapies based on individual patient profiles to optimize outcomes and reduce the progression of spinal deformities.