Hypercholesterolemia: Nursing Strategies for Risk Reduction and Lifestyle Modification-An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, marked by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It may result from genetic factors like familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or lifestyle choices, including poor diet and physical inactivity. Nurses play an essential role in patient education, promoting behavior change, and assisting with lifestyle modifications to manage lipid profiles. Despite its prevalence, hypercholesterolemia remains largely undiagnosed, with many individuals unaware of their elevated cholesterol levels and associated risks.

Aim: This review aims to explore the role of nursing strategies in managing hypercholesterolemia, focusing on risk reduction, lifestyle modification, and the management of lipid profiles.

Methods: The article examines the risk factors and complications associated with hypercholesterolemia, the role of nurses in patient education, and lifestyle modifications. It also discusses medical management, including pharmacological interventions such as statins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and novel therapies for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The review incorporates data from existing research and guidelines on assessment, diagnosis, and management.

Results: Nurses play a pivotal role in educating patients about managing their cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes, such as adhering to a low-fat diet, increasing physical activity, and quitting smoking. Statins are the most commonly prescribed medication for lowering LDL-C levels, with adjunctive therapies like ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors offering additional benefits for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia or those who fail to achieve optimal cholesterol control with statins alone.

Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia remains a prevalent and underdiagnosed condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nurses are key players in helping patients reduce risk factors through education, lifestyle changes, and promoting adherence to treatment plans. A multidisciplinary approach that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies is essential to achieving optimal outcomes for patients.