Vaccination Uptake and Mitigating Vaccine Hesitancy: The Crucial Role of Pharmacists in Engaging Vulnerable Populations and Addressing Health Disparities

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored significant disparities in vaccination rates across various populations, exacerbating health inequalities. Vulnerable groups, including those from low-income households and marginalized communities, often experience lower vaccination rates, contributing to preventable diseases and higher mortality rates.

Methods: This study conducts a comprehensive scoping review of existing literature on the role of pharmacists in promoting vaccination and reducing vaccine hesitancy. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published between 2015 and 2023, focusing on pharmacist-led vaccination initiatives and their effectiveness in engaging vulnerable populations.

Results: The review identified that community pharmacies serve as critical access points for vaccinations, significantly improving uptake rates. Pharmacists have successfully implemented various strategies to target underserved populations, yet barriers remain. Key challenges include communication gaps, socioeconomic factors, and the stigma associated with certain demographics, such as LGBTQ+ individuals and those experiencing homelessness.

Conclusion: Pharmacists play a vital role in enhancing vaccination uptake and addressing disparities. However, to maximize their impact, it is essential to develop tailored strategies that consider the unique needs of diverse populations. This includes fostering interprofessional collaboration, improving education about vaccine safety, and actively engaging with communities to build trust. Future research should focus on refining these approaches and assessing their long-term effectiveness in improving immunization rates.