Common Trends in Hernia Repair: Meshes-An Updated Review of Novel Trends

Abstract

Background: Abdominal wall hernias are a common condition that can lead to significant morbidity and functional impairment. Affecting millions worldwide, hernias are often treated surgically. Over the past six decades, hernia repair techniques have evolved, with surgical meshes becoming the standard treatment. Despite advancements, there is no universally accepted "gold standard" for hernia repair, and ongoing research focuses on improving the materials and designs of meshes.

Aim: This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the current trends in hernia repair, with a focus on the different types of meshes available, their properties, and advancements in material science that improve clinical outcomes.

Methods: The review analyzes a wide range of literature, including clinical studies and innovations in hernia repair, with special attention to recent developments in mesh technologies. The meshes are categorized into synthetic, biological, and composite types, highlighting the latest advancements in lightweight materials, antimicrobial coatings, and hybrid constructions.

Results: Recent developments have introduced meshes that offer enhanced adhesive qualities, antimicrobial features, and better integration into the abdominal wall. Lightweight meshes and composite materials have improved the biological response, reducing the risk of infection and complications. The study also highlights ongoing clinical trials exploring new mesh configurations and materials. While synthetic meshes remain the most common, biological and composite meshes are becoming important alternatives in specific cases.

Conclusion: Hernia repair continues to benefit from advancements in mesh technology, with promising improvements in mesh integration, biocompatibility, and patient outcomes. The field is evolving towards more personalized approaches, including the use of hybrid and composite meshes tailored to patient needs. Continued research is crucial for refining mesh materials and techniques, ensuring better clinical outcomes, and reducing complications.