Bell's Palsy: Nursing Management, Interventions, And Implications for Patient Care and Recovery-An Updated Review Article

Abstract

Background: Bell’s palsy is a common cause of peripheral facial paralysis, accounting for 60-75% of facial paralysis cases. The condition is of unknown etiology, though it is often linked to viral infections, particularly herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes zoster virus (HZV). Risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and pregnancy complications can exacerbate its onset. The facial nerve's anatomy and its involvement in facial expression, sensation, and parasympathetic functions are central to understanding the condition's pathophysiology. Symptoms of Bell’s palsy include facial drooping, pain, altered taste, and hearing sensitivity, with diagnosis based largely on clinical evaluation and exclusion of other causes.

Aim: The review aims to analyze current research on Bell’s palsy, its management, nursing interventions, and implications for patient care and recovery.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted by analyzing studies published between 2011 and 2022 from databases such as PubMed, Medscape, and the Cochrane Database. The review incorporated articles focused on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing management of Bell’s palsy, including primary sources and older studies for contextual understanding.

Results: The review highlights the importance of early intervention in improving recovery outcomes. Corticosteroids, often combined with antivirals, are typically used in treatment. Early recovery within three weeks is a strong predictor of full recovery. Despite treatment, some patients experience complications, including recurrence, and about 4-14% face recurrence of symptoms. The facial nerve's anatomical vulnerability and the effects of viral reactivation contribute significantly to the development and severity of the disease.

Conclusion: Bell’s palsy remains in challenging condition with an uncertain cause. Timely diagnosis and treatment, particularly corticosteroids, enhance the likelihood of full recovery. Further research into optimal treatment regimens and nursing strategies is necessary to improve patient outcomes.