The Multifaceted Influence of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive and Physical Performance: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary, Behavioral, and Physiological Factors

Abstract

Background: Sleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for maintaining health and cognitive function. Sleep deprivation has been linked to various health issues, including cognitive deficits, impaired physical performance, and increased susceptibility to chronic diseases. Understanding the multifaceted influences on sleep quality is crucial, particularly in contemporary society where sleep disorders are on the rise.

Methods: This narrative review synthesizes findings from observational studies, experimental trials, and meta-analyses published between 2012 and 2023, focusing on the effects of dietary factors, physical activity, and stimulant consumption on sleep quality. Databases including Medline and Web of Science were utilized to gather relevant literature.

Results: The review indicates that inadequate sleep duration, particularly less than 7 hours per night, is associated with increased risks of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health disorders. Dietary components, such as macronutrient composition, caffeine, and alcohol intake, significantly impact sleep quality. Moreover, the role of the glymphatic system in removing neurotoxic waste during sleep underscores the importance of sufficient sleep for neurological health.

Conclusion: Enhanced understanding of the complex interactions between sleep, nutrition, and lifestyle factors can inform public health strategies aimed at improving sleep quality and overall health outcomes. Interventions focusing on optimizing diet and physical activity, alongside minimizing stimulant consumption, are recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep deprivation.