Tooth Fracture: An Updated Overview of Causes, Diagnosis, and Dental Mangement

Abstract

Background: Tooth fractures, particularly among children and young adults, are common occurrences, representing 5% of all traumatic dental injuries. These fractures often involve the anterior teeth of the upper jaw due to their prominent positioning. The causes range from sports activities to accidents and physical violence, with the severity varying from minor chips to complete avulsion. Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment are crucial to ensure both functional and aesthetic restoration.

Aim: The article aims to provide an updated overview of the causes, diagnostic methods, and dental management strategies for tooth fractures, offering insight into best practices for care.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the causes, classification, and treatment options for tooth fractures was conducted, focusing on diagnostic techniques such as radiographic imaging and clinical evaluations. The management strategies discussed include a range of interventions from simple bonding to complex surgical procedures, depending on the fracture's nature.

Results: The review found that falls are the leading cause of dental trauma, accounting for 65% of cases, with sports injuries being prominent in adolescents. Radiographic imaging, including periapical and cone-beam CT scans, was emphasized as essential for accurate diagnosis. Treatment strategies were shown to vary depending on the fracture type, with enamel fractures often requiring minimal intervention, while complicated fractures necessitated pulp capping or partial pulpotomy.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are critical to prevent further complications and improve outcomes for patients with tooth fractures. Tailoring treatment plans to the type of fracture and patient age ensures the best possible recovery.