Cardiac Arrythmias: Overview, Management, Treatment, and Medical Records Contribution

Abstract

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias are significant disorders of heart rhythm and conduction, influenced by genetic, structural, and environmental factors. These conditions range from asymptomatic atrial fibrillation to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, necessitating diverse therapeutic approaches. The complexity of arrhythmogenesis stems from electrical remodeling, myocardial ischemia, genetic predispositions, and inflammation.

Aim: This review aims to provide an overview of cardiac arrhythmias, their underlying mechanisms, treatment strategies, and the role of medical records in management.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on clinical and experimental literature. Keywords such as "cardiac arrhythmias," "ischemic heart disease," and "electrophysiology" guided the literature review. Key findings were synthesized to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic advancements.

Results: The physiopathology of arrhythmias involves electrical and structural remodeling, ionic disturbances, and genetic and epigenetic factors. Ventricular arrhythmias are acute and severe, while atrial fibrillation progresses chronically, with mechanisms including fibrosis and ectopic activity. Ischemia and inflammation exacerbate arrhythmogenesis through structural damage and cytokine-mediated remodeling. Genetic studies reveal mutations in ion channels and cytoskeletal proteins as critical contributors. Emerging treatments include pharmacological therapies, catheter ablation, and device implantation, supported by robust documentation through medical records.

Conclusion: Advances in understanding cardiac arrhythmias' multifaceted nature have improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Medical records significantly enhance management by documenting progression, treatments, and outcomes, offering insights for personalized care. Future research should focus on integrating genetic, epigenetic, and environmental data to refine preventive and therapeutic approaches.