Nursing Care and Monitoring neurological signs in Acute Brain Stroke

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. It occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, causing tissue damage and neurological deficits. Acute brain stroke is categorized into ischemic and hemorrhagic types, with ischemic stroke being the most prevalent. Rapid recognition and prompt intervention are crucial in minimizing brain damage and improving outcomes. Acute stroke care, particularly nursing management, plays a critical role in improving recovery and preventing complications.

Aim: This study explores the importance of nursing care and monitoring neurological signs in patients with acute brain stroke, emphasizing timely interventions to enhance recovery and minimize long-term disability.

Methods: This article reviews literature on the management of acute brain stroke in both prehospital and hospital settings. It discusses the role of nursing in stroke care, the use of stroke units, blood pressure monitoring, and the management of reperfusion therapy. Key methods include early stroke recognition, use of thrombolytic therapy and mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke, and specialized nursing care in stroke units.

Results: Stroke units with specialized nursing care have demonstrated improved outcomes, including reduced mortality and recurrence rates. Early management using intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy significantly enhances recovery in ischemic stroke patients. Blood pressure management, particularly in patients undergoing reperfusion therapy, is critical in preventing complications such as hemorrhagic transformation and worsening ischemic injury.

Conclusion: Timely intervention and comprehensive nursing care in acute brain stroke management are essential for improving patient outcomes. Specialized stroke units and early recognition of stroke symptoms are critical for enhancing the quality of care. Nurses play a vital role in monitoring vital signs, managing blood pressure, and ensuring the effectiveness of reperfusion therapies, thus contributing to better functional outcomes and reducing the burden of stroke.