Nursing Perspectives on the Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: Strategies for Improved Patient Outcomes: An Updated Review
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Abstract
Background:Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), primarily seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), including both type 1 and type 2. It progresses from microalbuminuria to reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), making early detection and management critical. Key interventions such as optimal glycemic control, blood pressure management, and the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers can significantly slow progression.
Aim: This review aims to update nursing perspectives on the management of diabetic nephropathy (DN), emphasizing early intervention strategies, clinical assessment, and nursing management to improve patient outcomes.
Methods: An updated review of current literature on diabetic nephropathy and its nursing management was conducted. Sources include clinical trials, medical guidelines, and evidence on pharmacotherapy, nursing practices, and patient education. Information on diagnostic tools, disease management, and nursing interventions in the context of DKD is synthesized.
Results: Early intervention, including strict glycemic and blood pressure control, has proven effective in reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors has demonstrated positive outcomes in slowing kidney disease progression. Pharmacotherapy, such as finerenone and SGLT2 inhibitors, holds promise in improving renal outcomes. Nurses play a crucial role in monitoring patient progress, managing symptoms, and educating patients about lifestyle changes, including smoking cessation and dietary modifications.
Conclusion: Effective nursing management for diabetic nephropathy involves regular monitoring, patient education, and collaboration with interdisciplinary teams. Early intervention to control blood glucose and blood pressure is critical in preventing progression to ESKD. Nurses must also advocate for patient involvement in self-care practices and timely medical interventions to maintain kidney health.