The Epidemiological Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases: Review

Abstract

Background: Climate change significantly impacts vector-borne diseases (VBDs), posing challenges for public health and nursing practice. As temperatures rise and weather patterns become increasingly erratic, the distribution of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks expands, heightening the risk of diseases like malaria and dengue. This review synthesizes findings from ten studies that examine how climatic variations influence VBD transmission dynamics and their implications for nursing and healthcare interventions.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed articles that explore the relationship between climate change and VBDs. Key metrics included changes in vector distribution, incidence rates of VBDs, and the effectiveness of public health responses. The results indicate a clear correlation between climatic factors—such as temperature and precipitation—and the proliferation of VBDs. Specifically, the studies reveal a nonlinear relationship where optimal climatic conditions facilitate vector survival, while extreme weather events exacerbate disease outbreaks.

Results: As climate change continues to evolve, nursing education must adapt to include strategies for addressing the emerging challenges posed by VBDs. This review underscores the need for an integrated approach that combines nursing expertise with public health strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgency for healthcare systems to enhance preparedness and response strategies for VBDs influenced by climate change. Collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers are essential to safeguard public health in a warming world.