Mental Distress among Nurses: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis

Abstract

Background: Nurses play a vital role in healthcare and patient care, yet they often face significant psychological and mental stress due to high workloads, emotional demands, and challenging work environments. The objective of this study is to systematically review and synthesize papers exploring mental distress among nurses.

Methods: The design of the study is based on a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative papers. Papers are identified through (3) data sources which are searched in the English language from 2020 to 2024. Studies that explored the factors affecting mental distress among nurses and the relevant coping mechanisms were eligible for inclusion. A total of (16) papers were included in the review.

Results: The mental distress among nurses is profoundly affected by a variety of interconnected factors, including workload and job demands, emotional and psychological factors, work environment and support systems, resilience, and crisis-related stressors. Also, the findings highlighted majors coping mechanisms for overcoming mental distress among nurses including support and social networks, mindfulness and stress management techniques, organizational support, self-care practices and psychological support, and professional support.

Conclusion: the interplay of various factors contributing to mental distress among nurses emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that address both individual and systemic issues. By fostering supportive work environments, enhancing resilience, and providing effective coping mechanisms, healthcare organizations can significantly improve the mental health of nurses. This holistic approach benefits not only the caregivers but also the patients they serve, ultimately leading to better healthcare outcomes.