The Multifaceted Role of Nursing and Laboratory Diagnostics in The Comprehensive Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Review of Current Evidence

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread disorder characterized by recurrent airway blockages during sleep, leading to various psychological and physical health issues. Despite its prevalence, OSA remains underdiagnosed and inadequately managed, particularly in primary care settings.

Methods: This review synthesizes current literature on the role of nursing and laboratory diagnostics in recognizing, diagnosing, and managing OSA. It highlights the significance of validated screening tools, the use of polysomnography (PSG) and home sleep apnea testing (HSAT), and the implementation of evidence-based nursing interventions.

Results: The findings reveal that nursing professionals are pivotal in the early identification of OSA through effective screening methods. Research indicates that nurse-led interventions are comparable to specialist care in terms of patient outcomes, including adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and overall patient satisfaction. The integration of telemedicine and remote monitoring has also shown promise in enhancing patient management and follow-up.

Conclusion: The review underscores the necessity of incorporating nursing roles within the management framework for OSA, advocating for enhanced training and resource allocation in primary care settings. A patient-centered approach that leverages nursing expertise can significantly improve the diagnosis and management of OSA, leading to better health outcomes.