Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Overview of Medical Aspects, Pharmacological Treatment, and Nursing Intervention Plans

Abstract

Background: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious heart muscle disease characterized by the dilation of one or both ventricles and impaired contractility, commonly leading to heart failure. It often presents symptoms such as shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. DCM can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to conditions like infections, ischemic heart disease, or toxins. The condition frequently leads to severe complications like arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and progressive heart failure.

Aim: This article aims to provide an overview of DCM's medical aspects, including its etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic evaluation. It also explores current pharmacological treatment strategies and nursing interventions to manage the condition.

Methods: The review consolidates data from various studies to describe the disease’s progression, diagnostic techniques, treatment options, and nursing care practices. Key medical interventions like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and heart transplants are discussed, along with nursing strategies for patient education, symptom monitoring, and support.

Results: Effective management of DCM involves pharmacological treatments like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers, alongside advanced options such as heart transplantation and implanted devices. Early detection is crucial, as timely treatment improves patient outcomes. Nursing interventions play a significant role in monitoring, patient education, and supporting disease management.

Conclusion: DCM is a progressive condition that requires comprehensive care, including medical treatments and nursing interventions. Early diagnosis, timely pharmacological intervention, and ongoing nursing support are key to improving patient survival and quality of life.