Innovative Approaches in the Treatment and Prevention of HIV/AIDS: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Their Implications for Global Health

Abstract

Background: HIV/AIDS continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to effective treatment is limited. Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), challenges such as drug resistance, adverse effects, and the need for lifelong adherence underscore the necessity for alternative therapeutic strategies.

Methods: This review synthesizes contemporary research on innovative HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention strategies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on studies published from 2015 to 2023. The review evaluates emerging therapies, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, latency-reversing agents (LRAs), and therapeutic vaccines.

Results: Findings indicate that alternative strategies show promise in enhancing HIV management. Gene therapy has demonstrated potential for targeting and eliminating HIV reservoirs. Immunotherapy, including therapeutic vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies, aims to boost the immune response against the virus. Additionally, LRAs may activate latent reservoirs, making the virus susceptible to treatment. These approaches could reduce reliance on ART and potentially lead to a functional cure.

Conclusion: While ART has significantly improved the quality of life for individuals living with HIV, alternative therapeutic strategies are essential for addressing the limitations of current treatments. Continued investment in research and collaboration is crucial to advance these innovative approaches and ultimately aim for an HIV cure. A holistic understanding of these emerging modalities will be vital in combating the ongoing HIV/AIDS epidemic.