Managing Epilepsy: A Nursing Perspective and Future Advances-An Updated Review Article

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with diverse etiologies and clinical presentations. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in epilepsy classification, genetics, and drug treatment. Epilepsy management involves addressing the varied needs of individuals, including pharmacological interventions and specialized nursing care. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in optimizing treatment, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Aim: This review aims to update current knowledge on epilepsy management, focusing on advancements in epilepsy genetics, the role of epilepsy specialist nurses (ESNs), and developments in drug treatment, with an emphasis on novel anti-seizure medications (ASMs).

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, synthesizing recent research on epilepsy genetics, clinical advancements, and the role of ESNs. The review also explored the efficacy of newer ASMs, such as cenobamate, and the global challenges in epilepsy treatment, particularly in developing countries.

Results: Genetic testing has become essential in diagnosing epilepsy, particularly in refractory cases, with numerous single-gene disorders identified. ESNs have gained prominence in both developed and developing nations, improving patient outcomes through education, care coordination, and specialized support. Advances in drug treatment, including the use of lamotrigine and levetiracetam, have improved the management of focal and generalized epilepsy. Cenobamate, a novel ASM, has shown promising results in reducing seizure frequency and improving patient outcomes.

Conclusion: The field of epilepsy management has made significant strides in recent years, particularly in genetic understanding, nursing care, and drug development. However, disparities in treatment accessibility remain, especially in low-income regions. The growing role of ESNs and the introduction of novel ASMs like cenobamate offer new opportunities for enhancing care and improving quality of life for individuals with epilepsy. Ongoing research and policy efforts are needed to address these disparities and optimize global epilepsy care.