An In-Depth Review of The Contributions of Optical Navigation and Three-Dimensional Imaging Technologies to The Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgical Practices

Abstract

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has transformed surgical practices in the 21st century, offering significant advantages over traditional open procedures, such as reduced patient discomfort, faster recovery times, and decreased hospital stays. However, the inherent challenges of MIS, including limited visual and tactile feedback, necessitate advanced navigation systems.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases like PubMed and Springer Link, covering studies from 1990 to 2023 that addressed innovations in endoscopic navigation systems. The review highlights various optical endoscopic modalities, including white-light endoscopy, contrast enhancement techniques, and advanced visualization technologies such as fluorescence imaging and virtual chromoendoscopy. Additionally, it discusses the integration of computer vision (CV) methodologies, such as deep learning algorithms, for real-time instrument tracking and lesion detection.

Results: This review systematically examines the role of optical navigation and three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies in enhancing MIS, focusing on recent advancements in endoscopic techniques. Results indicate that these technologies significantly improve surgical accuracy, enhance visualization, and facilitate effective navigation during procedures.

Conclusions: The findings underscore the potential of optical navigation systems to revolutionize surgical practices by addressing the limitations of conventional MIS and improving patient outcomes. Future developments in endoscopic navigation systems will enhance the precision and efficacy of minimally invasive procedures.