Emerging Applications of Dual-Energy CT in Diagnostic Radiology-An Updated Review of Urological Assessment.
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Abstract
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has emerged as an advanced imaging technology in diagnostic radiology, particularly in urological assessment. It overcomes several limitations inherent in traditional CT scans by utilizing two different energy levels, providing enhanced tissue characterization and improved contrast resolution. DECT has shown great promise in evaluating urinary tract diseases, offering precise data on morphology, function, and content, thus enhancing clinical decision-making.
Aim: This review aims to explore the principles, benefits, and clinical applications of DECT in the evaluation of urological disorders, focusing particularly on urinary stone characterization.
Methods: The review synthesizes data from various studies investigating the use of DECT in urological imaging, with a particular emphasis on urinary stone analysis. Various DECT technologies, such as dual-source CT and spectral imaging, are discussed, highlighting their ability to differentiate between stone compositions and their clinical relevance.
Results: DECT offers multiple advantages in urological assessment, such as virtual monochromatic images (VMIs), virtual non-contrast enhanced images, iodine maps, and spectral Hounsfield unit (HU) curves. These capabilities enhance the detection and characterization of urinary stones, including distinguishing uric acid stones from non-uric acid stones with high sensitivity and specificity. Studies have demonstrated that DECT provides improved diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional CT, particularly in identifying stone composition, and reducing radiation exposure.
Conclusion: DECT represents a significant advancement in urological diagnostic imaging, improving the accuracy of urinary stone characterization, reducing radiation exposure, and offering comprehensive tissue analysis. It enhances clinical management by enabling precise differentiation between stone types and optimizing treatment strategies.