Developing Nursing Care Models for Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Abstract

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a vital intervention for critically ill patients with severe cardiac or respiratory failure. Despite advancements in ECMO technology and application, the intricate care requirements of these patients underscore the necessity for specialized nursing care models. Efficient nurse management is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes, minimizing problems, and assisting diverse ECMO care teams. Notwithstanding these demands, conventional nursing care frameworks for ECMO patients are still inadequately created.

Aim: This research seeks to investigate the issues inherent in nursing care for ECMO patients and to formulate evidence-based nursing care models customized to their specific requirements.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized, comprising an extensive literature review, observational studies in intensive care units, and qualitative interviews with seasoned ECMO nurses and multidisciplinary care team members. Quantitative data from clinical outcomes associated with current nursing treatments were examined to pinpoint significant deficiencies and opportunities for enhancement.

Results: Findings identified essential areas necessitating focus, including hemodynamic monitoring, care of ECMO-associated problems (e.g., hemorrhage, thrombosis, and infection), psychological support for patients and families, and nursing education. The proposed care models include evidence-based guidelines, a patient-centered methodology, and systematic protocols for both routine and emergency care. The implementation of these models demonstrated potential for improved patient outcomes, decreased complication rates, and increased nursing readiness.

Conclusion: Establishing organized nursing care frameworks for ECMO patients is crucial for providing superior, holistic care. These models tackle the intricacies of ECMO management, highlighting the essential function of nursing within multidisciplinary care teams. Additional research is required to enhance these frameworks and confirm their efficacy across various clinical environments.