Menopause: Nursing Support and Health Promotion Strategies for Symptom Management-An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: Menopause marks the permanent cessation of menstruation, primarily due to a decline in estrogen levels. It typically occurs around the age of 51 and is associated with various symptoms affecting different bodily systems, including vasomotor, urogenital, and psychogenic disturbances. Given the increasing life expectancy, many women now spend a significant portion of their lives post-menopause. This article explores both hormonal and non-hormonal treatment options and their effectiveness in symptom management.

Aim: The aim of this review is to evaluate various approaches for managing menopause symptoms and discuss health promotion strategies that contribute to women's overall well-being during this phase.

Methods: This updated review provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for managing menopause. The article examines both pharmacological treatments, such as hormone therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and non-hormonal treatments like SSRIs and SNRIs, as well as lifestyle interventions and nursing management strategies.

Results: Hormonal treatments, including estrogen and progestin therapies, remain the most effective in managing vasomotor symptoms, vaginal atrophy, and preventing bone loss. Non-hormonal treatments, including SSRIs, SNRIs, and bisphosphonates, offer alternatives for symptom relief and osteoporosis management. Lifestyle modifications such as exercise, diet, and stress management are also vital in promoting health during menopause.

Conclusion: Menopause requires a multifaceted approach, combining medical treatments, nursing support, and health promotion strategies to enhance the quality of life. Hormonal therapies are effective but should be used cautiously, while non-hormonal options and lifestyle modifications provide significant benefits for symptom management and overall health.