Hybrid Imaging Technologies (PET/MRI) In Diagnostic Radiology: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: The integration of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has transformed diagnostic radiology, particularly in the study of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). With the rising incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the elderly, early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention.

Methods: This comprehensive review evaluates studies published from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the application of PET/MRI in diagnosing dementia subtypes. A PubMed search was conducted using keywords related to PET/MRI and dementia, filtering for studies with a minimum sample size of ten and relevant imaging techniques.

Results: The review highlights advancements in hybrid imaging technologies, demonstrating enhanced diagnostic accuracy for various dementias. Studies indicate that PET/MRI can identify early amyloid-beta accumulation and subtle MRI changes in preclinical stages of dementia. Additionally, machine learning and artificial intelligence have improved image analysis, optimizing the detection of neurodegenerative changes. Notably, the combination of 18F-FDG and amyloid tracers has shown promise in clinical applications, providing better insights into disease progression.

Conclusion: PET/MRI is a pivotal tool in the early diagnosis and management of dementia, enabling a comprehensive assessment of brain function and structure. Future research should focus on developing new tracers and addressing the limitations of current methodologies, particularly for non-Alzheimer’s dementia. The integration of advanced imaging techniques with AI holds potential for enhancing diagnostic capabilities and patient outcomes.