The Ethical Implications of Genetic Testing Perspectives in Nursing Practice: Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: The rapid advancements in genetic testing and genomic healthcare have prompted significant ethical considerations within nursing practice. As genetic technologies evolve, nurses increasingly encounter ethical dilemmas related to patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, and equity in access to genetic services.

Methods: This comprehensive review analyzes literature published between 2016 and May 2023, focusing on the ethical implications of genetic testing, counseling, and therapeutics in nursing. Databases such as ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were utilized, employing keywords including "genetic testing," "nursing ethics," and "genetic counseling."

Results: The findings reveal that autonomy is a predominant ethical concern, often compromised due to inadequate patient education and the influence of familial and societal pressures. Barriers to informed consent, such as insufficient time for decision-making and lack of transparency from healthcare providers, hinder patients' ability to make informed choices. Additionally, confidentiality issues arise from unauthorized access to genetic information, posing risks of discrimination and stigmatization. The review also highlights disparities in access to genetic services, particularly for marginalized populations, underscoring the need for equitable healthcare practices.

Conclusion: The ethical challenges associated with genetic testing in nursing practice necessitate enhanced education and training for nurses in genomics. By integrating genetic competencies into nursing curricula and ongoing professional development, nurses can better support patients in navigating the complexities of genetic information. This approach will promote patient autonomy, ensure informed consent, and advocate for equitable access to genetic services, ultimately improving patient care in the genomic era.