Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Common Blood Disorders-Diagnosis, Management, And Nursing Interventions

Abstract

Background: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy marked by abnormal proliferation of immature lymphocytes, primarily affecting children. It is characterized by bone marrow failure, systemic involvement, and central nervous system (CNS) complications, necessitating multidisciplinary care.

Aim: This article provides an overview of the diagnosis, management, and nursing interventions essential for optimizing outcomes in patients with ALL.

Methods: The study includes a comprehensive review of literature on ALL's etiology, clinical features, and risk factors. Diagnostic evaluations, including laboratory and imaging studies, were analyzed alongside medical and nursing management protocols.

Results: Key findings highlight the importance of early recognition of symptoms such as fatigue, fever, bruising, and pallor. Medical management emphasizes a phased approach, including induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy, with CNS prophylaxis and stem cell transplantation as critical components. Nursing interventions play a vital role in infection control, nutritional support, pain management, and patient education. Advances in treatment have significantly improved the five-year survival rate to over 85%.

Conclusion: ALL remains a complex malignancy requiring early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and holistic nursing care. Multidisciplinary approaches incorporating patient-centered medical and nursing strategies have improved survival and quality of life for patients. Future research should explore targeted therapies and enhanced nursing practices to further improve outcomes.