Breast Milk Jaundice in Neonates: Nursing Roles in Early Detection and Parental Support: An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: Breast milk jaundice is a common cause of prolonged neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in breastfed infants, with an onset typically after the third day of life. It requires careful differentiation from other pathological causes and robust nursing intervention to ensure early detection and effective parental support.

Aim: This review explores the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of breast milk jaundice, emphasizing the critical roles of nursing in early detection, parental education, and support.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review of current studies and clinical guidelines was conducted to synthesize knowledge on the causes, risk factors, and management strategies of breast milk jaundice.

Results: Breast milk jaundice is associated with specific components of human breast milk, such as ß-glucuronidase and epidermal growth factor, which interfere with bilirubin conjugation and excretion. Genetic predispositions, such as UGT1A1 gene mutations, further increase susceptibility. While the condition is typically benign and self-resolving, severe cases may require interventions like phototherapy or temporary cessation of breastfeeding. Nurses play a pivotal role in assessing jaundice severity, monitoring bilirubin levels, educating parents on breastfeeding techniques, and coordinating care to prevent complications like kernicterus.

Conclusion: Effective management of breast milk jaundice relies on interdisciplinary collaboration and proactive nursing care. By educating and supporting parents, nurses can help ensure continued breastfeeding while minimizing the risks associated with hyperbilirubinemia.