Enhancing Patient Empowerment through Nursing Interventions in Intensive Care Unit Discharges: Review

Abstract

Background: The rise in critically ill patients requiring intensive care has highlighted the need for effective nursing strategies in intensive care units (ICUs). Each year, approximately 240,000 adults in Spain are admitted to ICUs, with over 90% surviving their stay. However, the transition from ICU to general ward is fraught with challenges that can affect patient outcomes.

Methods: This systematic review analyzed literature from databases including Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, and CINAHL to assess nursing interventions aimed at enhancing patient empowerment during ICU discharge. The review focused on studies published from 2000 to  2022, examining the impact of various educational and informational strategies on patient outcomes.

Results: The review found that effective nursing interventions, such as providing tailored information and emotional support, significantly improved patient empowerment and satisfaction during the discharge process. Many studies indicated that when patients felt more informed and involved in their care, their anxiety and feelings of powerlessness decreased. However, gaps in the literature were identified, particularly concerning the long-term effects of these interventions.

Conclusion: Empowering patients during the ICU discharge process is essential for enhancing their recovery and quality of life. Nursing interventions that prioritize patient education and emotional support can lead to better outcomes and reduce the risk of post-intensive care syndrome. Future research should focus on refining these interventions and exploring their long-term impacts.