Diabetic Foot and Nursing Care Plans and Interventions

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has significantly increased, resulting in numerous complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). DFU affects approximately 6.3% of individuals with DM and is one of the leading causes of hospitalization, non-traumatic amputations, and elevated mortality rates. The condition arises from a combination of neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and poor wound healing. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for preventing the progression of DFU.

Aim: This article aims to explore the pathophysiology, classification systems, risk factors, and management strategies for diabetic foot ulcers, with a focus on the importance of nursing care plans and interventions.

Methods: The article reviews current literature on DFU, including classification systems such as the Meggitt-Wagner and SINBAD systems, to provide a comprehensive understanding of DFU's severity and management. It also discusses the role of nursing interventions, including wound care, infection control, and patient education, as essential components of treatment.

Results: The review highlights the importance of early intervention and personalized care plans in managing DFU. Nursing interventions such as proper foot care, infection prevention, regular monitoring, and education significantly improve healing outcomes. Additionally, classification systems like SINBAD and WIfI provide valuable tools for assessing the severity of DFU and predicting the need for amputation.

Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcers are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Effective nursing care, including the use of appropriate classification systems and individualized treatment plans, is crucial for managing DFU and preventing complications. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, along with patient education and ongoing monitoring, can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of amputations.