Cesarean Section: Evidence-Based Practices in Nursing and Obstetrics-An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section (C-section) is a common surgical procedure involving the delivery of a fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus. It has evolved significantly since its origins in AD 1020, becoming the most frequently performed surgery in the United States. Over the years, its prevalence has increased, reaching 31.9% in 2016. While this rise is driven by factors such as advanced maternal age and medical technology, efforts to reduce cesarean delivery rates have not been very successful. Cesarean sections remain essential for women facing specific risks during labor.

Aim: This review examines evidence-based practices in nursing and obstetrics related to cesarean sections, focusing on indications, procedure techniques, and complications, aiming to provide updated insights into the practice and its outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature on cesarean delivery was conducted, evaluating surgical techniques, maternal and fetal indications, risks, and post-operative care. The review included studies, guidelines, and expert opinions from obstetricians, anesthesiologists, and nurses.

Results: Cesarean sections are essential in certain clinical situations, including abnormal fetal positioning, maternal conditions, or complications from prior surgeries. The procedure involves careful dissection through multiple layers, and complications can include infection, hemorrhage, and long-term risks such as uterine rupture. Evidence-based practices focus on minimizing risks through proper surgical techniques, patient selection, and post-operative care.

Conclusion: The Cesarean section remains a crucial intervention for certain high-risk pregnancies, though reducing unnecessary cesareans is a key goal in modern obstetrics. Evidence-based practices and careful decision-making can enhance patient outcomes.